The Treaty of Versaillese (Ended WW I)

The Treaty of Versailles was a peace treaty that officially ended World War 1 between the Allied and Associated powers and Germany. The Treaty of Versailles was signed exactly 5 years after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. Germany had been blamed for World War 1 and had been forced to pay compensation to the Allies under the war guilt clause of the treaty. The War guilt clause made Germans accept responsibility for the war but also cost them a large amount of property lost. Germany lost about 10 % of lands, All of Germany's overseas colonies were taken from them and split between the allies, and a massive 12.5 % of the German population lived outside of the new German borders.

Germany's economy was ruined because most of the produce and profit had to be send to the allies as reparation payments, meaning Germany's economy was unable to recover itself. Germany had a good amount of military power taken away and people from Germany felt bitter that they were excluded from the league of nation and enforced to live by other peoples rules. All of these problems caused a result in disillusionment and animosity entering German politics. In 1922 Germany fell behind with reparation repayments and suffered the humiliation of French troops entering the Ruhr to secure payments.The government of Weimar endorsed strike led to the deaths of 100 workers shot by the French.

The treaty led to either direct or indirect to a situation in Germany where the people felt let down and they wanted to blame someone. This problem of wanting to blame someone led to the economic problems and a lack of food and jobs. This lead into further economic problems and eventually the German hyperinflation of the mid twenties. Over all Germany lost 13% of its national territory, All of its overseas colonies including, Kamerun, German East Africa, German Southwest Africa, Togoland and German New Guinea,12.5% of its population, 16% of its coalfields, and half its iron and steel industry and the Union with Austria Anschluss forbidden.

I agree with the historians because World War 1 was not just Germany. The fight initially involved England, France, Britain, Germany, and Austrian - Hungary empire and I don't think Germany should have been the only one's who got punished. I do think the Treaty of Versailles was unfair because Germany had to suffer many punishments and couldn't do anything about it. Hitler and many German's got agree at the fact of bring the only one's getting blamed and punished and thats how World War 2 started. Germany was determined to gain power back.

Mustaf Kemal and the Modernization of Turkey

Mustafa Kemal Atatürk was the founder of the turkish republic and its first president. He used a theory of kemalism to modernize turkey. Ataturk goal was to modernize Turkish life style in order to give his nation a new sense of dignity, equality, and happiness.He started with secular government and education programs. He made sure that everyone had freedom and equality.

To modernize the Ottoman Empire, Ataturk made his people change more about themselves than the government.He also wanted people to know that this nation was for their them and would be run by them.Atatürk resolved to lead his country out of the crumbling past into a brave new future. Modernizing a secular government and education program played a major role. Making religious faith a matter of individual conscience, he created a truly secular system in Turkey. A small majority of Christian and Jewish minorities and a decent amount of Moslems were free to practise their faith resulting the reformation of Turkey had a full secular institutions.

Giving his nation a different out look European hats replaced the fez, women stopped wearing the veil, all citizens took surnames and the Islamic calendar gave way to the Western calendar.One of the most important that formulation was the Revolutionism. This means that Turkey made reforms and the country replaced traditional institutions with modern institutions.This transformation took place in the Urban and rural life.

What is Secular? Secular or pertaining to worldly things or to things that are not regarded as religious, spiritual, or sacred; temporal.

Film Lesson: "Gandhi"

Born in 1869 in Porbander West Indian, Gandhi also known as Mahatma Gandhi meaning "great soul" became very popular in the Indian history. Gandhi traveled to London, Bombay,South Africa and later on returned back home to India. Gandhi believed that being or bringing violence to one's nation was unexectable and only provoked a negative reaction. Mohandas Gandhi led the Indian National Congress, and launched a series of civil disobedience campaigns that were completely non-violent. He organized large numbers of people and created unity among different cultures, religions, and political beliefs.

He encouraged Indian people to boycott British goods and start providing their own goods, which only made the British government to punish the Indian people when they refused to do as Britain instructed making the Indians support the Indian National Congress movement. Gandhi also influenced the people of India to make there own clothes that started to take a lot of money away from Britain because the Indians were no longer buying there clothes.Gandhi was sent to jail many times and still insisted on trying to help India gain the independence from Britain. When Gandhi was released he noticed that the once unified group that he had created was beginning to split and the bond wasn’t as strong. He performed a three-week fast and many other attempts to strengthen the splitting group, but he saw little success.On March 21,1930 Gandhi marched a 248 miles during the infamous Salt March.

He was opposing and striking against the tax on salt. Gandhi was joined by thousands of Indians who joined him on his march to the sea to make his own salt.The march was one of the most successful campaigns and had a result in over 60,000 people being imprisoned. Gandhi had a quote that he believed was very true, "An eye for an eye makes the world blind" and he didn't want to continue the violence that has already been influenced. In August 1947, the Indian Independence Act was signed. This separated the Muslim majority areas from India to create the independent state of Pakistan.

This new state was split in two, the two parts being 1000 miles apart. The act was not easy to put into action. In January 1948, a Hindu assassinated Gandhi. In a gesture that summed up the whole problem of India, the Hindu detested Gandhi’s tolerance towards Muslims.Do you think India's Independence was all about Gandhi? Or do you think it would have happened anyway?
I think India's Independence was all about Gandhi because if he never stepped up to play the roll of being the leader the Indian's would have kept on fighting causing the British to fight back.